Bajar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Bajar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish action word bajarâ means to bring down or lower, however it tends to be utilized in a few diverse ways. Bajar is a regularâ -arâ verb like parar or llamar. If you realize theâ conjugation rules for ordinary - arâ verbs, at that point you can undoubtedly conjugate bajar. In this article you can discover tables with the present, past time, flawed, future, and restrictive characteristic tenses for bajar, just as the present and past subjunctive, basic, and other action word structures. Utilizing the Verb Bajar The verbâ bajarâ has a wide range of employments. It tends to be both a transitive and intransitive action word. At the point when it is utilized as a transitive action word it can intend to lower or drop something, such as Debes bajar el volumen de la mà ºsica (You must lower the volume of the music), or Baj㠩â el precio del carro (I brought down the cost of the vehicle). It can likewise mean to bring or cut something down, as in Voy a bajar el florero del estante (Im going to cut down the jar from the rack), and it can even mean to download something from the web, as in Bajà © el archivo a mi computadora (I downloaded the document to my computer).â The verbâ bajar can likewise beâ used as an intransitive action word to discuss something bringing down or dropping, such as El precio de la gasolina bajà ³Ã‚ (The cost of gas dropped) or Esta noche bajar la temperatura (Tonight the temperature will drop). It can likewise be utilized to discuss when an individual descends or plummets, as in Ella bajã ³ al groundwork piso (She came down to the main floor). At long last, you can useâ bajarâ to talk about getting off a vehicle, as in El niã ±o bajã ³ del autobà ºs (The kid got off the transport). Bajar Present Indicative Yo bajo I lower Yo bajo el volumen de la msica. T bajas You lower T bajas los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella baja You/he/she brings down Ella baja las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajamos We lower Nosotros bajamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajis You lower Vosotros bajis la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajan You/they lower Ellos bajan la foto de la pared. Bajar Preterite Indicative There are two types of the past tenseâ in Spanish:â the preterite and the defective. The preterite is utilized to discuss finished activities in the past.â Yo baj I brought down Yo baj el volumen de la msica. T bajaste You brought down T bajaste los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella baj You/he/she brought down Ella baj las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajamos We brought down Nosotros bajamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajasteis You brought down Vosotros bajasteis la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaron You/they brought down Ellos bajaron la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperfect Indicative The defective tense is utilized to discuss progressing or rehashed activities previously. With the action word bajar,â you can interpret the defective as was bringing or utilized down to lower.â Yo bajaba I used to lower Yo bajaba el volumen de la msica. T bajabas You used to lower T bajabas los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajaba You/he/she used to lower Ella bajaba las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajbamos We used to lower Nosotros bajbamos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajabais You used to lower Vosotros bajabais la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaban You/they used to lower Ellos bajaban la foto de la pared. Bajar Future Indicative Yo bajar I will lower Yo bajar el volumen de la msica. T bajars You will lower T bajars los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajar You/he/she will lower Ella bajar las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajaremos We will lower Nosotros bajaremos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajaris You will lower Vosotros bajaris la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajarn You/they will lower Ellos bajarn la foto de la pared. Bajar Periphrastic Future Indicative The periphrastic future in Spanish is identical to the going to action word development in English. Yo voy a bajar I am going to lower Yo voy a bajar el volumen de la msica. T vas a bajar You are going to lower T vas a bajar los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella va a bajar You/he/she is going to lower Ella va a bajar las persianas en la noche. Nosotros vamos a bajar We are going to lower Nosotros vamos a bajar el precio de la ropa. Vosotros vais a bajar You are going to lower Vosotros vais a bajar la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a bajar You/they are going to lower Ellos van a bajar la foto de la pared. Bajar Conditional Indicative At the point when you need to discuss prospects or about things that would happen,â you can utilize the conditionalâ tense. A case of a sentence utilizing the contingent is Si vinieras a visitarme, bajarã ­a an abrirte la puerta (If you stayed with me, I would boil down to open the entryway for you). Yo bajara I would lower Yo bajara el volumen de la msica. T bajaras You would lower T bajaras los libros del estante. Usted/l/ella bajara You/he/she would lower Ella bajara las persianas en la noche. Nosotros bajaramos We would lower Nosotros bajaramos el precio de la ropa. Vosotros bajarais You would lower Vosotros bajarais la velocidad del carro. Ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaran You/they would lower Ellos bajaran la foto de la pared. Bajar Present Progressive/Gerund Form The current participle or gerundâ of - arâ verbs is framed with the endingâ -ando. You can utilize the current participle to formâ progressive tenses, for example, the current dynamic. Present Progressive of Bajarâ est bajandoâ She is loweringâ Ella est bajando las persianas. Bajar Past Participle To shape the past participle forâ -arâ verbs, utilize the endingâ -ado. The past participleâ is used to formâ compound tensesâ like the present perfect.â Present Perfect of Bajarâ ha bajadoâ She has loweredâ Ella ha bajado las persianas.â Bajar Present Subjunctive Que yo baje That I lower Pedro pide que yo baje el volumen de la msica. Que t bajes That you lower Marisa quiere que t bajes los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella baje That you/he/she lower Marco espera que ella baje las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajemos That we lower Carlos pide que nosotros bajemos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajis That you lower Sara quiere que vosotros bajis la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajen That you/they lower Leo pide que ellos bajen la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperfect Subjunctive The tables underneath show two choices for conjugating the blemished subjunctive. The two alternatives are similarly legitimate. Alternative 1 Que yo bajara That I brought down Pedro pidi que yo bajara el volumen de la msica. Que t bajaras That you brought down Marisa quera que t bajaras los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella bajara That you/he/she brought down Marco esperaba que ella bajara las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajramos That we brought down Carlos pidi que nosotros bajramos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajarais That you brought down Sara quera que vosotros bajarais la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajaran That you/they brought down Leo pidi que ellos bajaran la foto de la pared. Alternative 2 Que yo bajase That I brought down Pedro pidi que yo bajase el volumen de la msica. Que t bajases That you brought down Marisa quera que t bajases los libros del estante. Que usted/l/ella bajase That you/he/she brought down Marco esperaba que ella bajase las persianas en la noche. Que nosotros bajsemos That we brought down Carlos pidi que nosotros bajsemos el precio de la ropa. Que vosotros bajaseis That you brought down Sara quera que vosotros bajaseis la velocidad del carro. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas bajasen That you/they brought down Leo pidi que ellos bajasen la foto de la pared. Bajar Imperativeâ In the event that you need to provide an order or direct request, utilize the basic state of mind. The tables beneath show the confirmed and negative orders, which are distinctive in the t㠺â andâ vosotrosâ forms. Positive Commands T baja Lower! Baja los libros del estante! Usted baje Lower! Baje las persianas en la noche! Nosotros bajemos Lets lower! Bajemos el precio de la ropa! Vosotros bajad Lower! Bajad la velocidad del carro! Ustedes bajen Lower! Bajen la foto de la pared! Negative Commands T no bajes Dont lower! No bajes los libros del estante! Usted no baje Dont lower! No baje las persianas en la noche! Nosotros no bajemos Lets not lower! No bajemos el precio de la ropa! Vosotros no bajis Dont lower! No bajis la velocidad del carro! Ustedes no bajen Dont lower! No bajen la foto de la pared!

Envioronment assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Side Effects of Zoloft (Sertraline)

Side Effects of Zoloft (Sertraline) Depression Treatment Medication Print Side Effects of Zoloft (Sertraline) Knowing What to Expect and When to Act By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 25, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Zoloft (sertraline) is a type of antidepressant medication commonly used to treat depression and anxiety. It belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which work by preventing the reabsorption of serotonin (the feel good hormone) so that more is available in the system. Zoloft the most prescribed antidepressant and the seventh most prescribed psychiatric drug in the U.S. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Most Common Zoloft Side Effects As with all medications, Zoloft may cause certain unwanted side effects. ??The most commonly experienced in those taking Zoloft include: DiarrheaNauseaIndigestionDecreased appetiteFatigueSleepinessInsomniaTremorsAgitationIncreased sweatingFeeling emotionally numbSexual problems, including loss of libido and inability to ejaculate Gastrointestinal problems can occur in as many as one in four people taking Zoloft.?? Others are far less common but, in some ways, far more distressing. While the loss of libido can affect both men and women, men are especially impacted by physical symptoms of erectile dysfunction (occurring in four percent of men) and ejaculation problems (occurring in eight percent of men). People can often minimize these symptoms by taking Zoloft immediately after sex or adjusting treatment with the advice of their doctor. Uncommon but Serious Side Effects While far less common (occurring in less than two percent of patients), there are some serious side effects associated with Zoloft use. In some cases, Zoloft may trigger or exacerbate psychiatric symptoms.?? Call your doctor if you experience any new or worsening psychiatric symptoms such as panic attacks, hallucinations, agitation, memory loss, impulsiveness, anxiety, or any symptom associated with psychosis, major depression, or bipolar mania. People who take Zoloft also risk having an overdose. On the other hand, you should seek immediate medical assistance if you experience any of the following: Black or bloody stoolsChest painFaintingFast or irregular heartbeatA severe or a persistent headacheFever over 100o FSeizureSuicidal thoughtsStevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), a rare but potentially fatal allergic reaction While all of these symptoms should be considered serious, SJS is particularly alarming due to the speed by which it can occur. SJS typically begins with fatigue, fever, and sore throat, followed by the emergence of angry eruptive blisters on the face, trunk, arms, legs, and soles of the feet. If left untreated, SJS can quickly lead to sepsis, organ damage, blindness, shock, and even death.?? Side Effects in Children and Adolescents When prescribed in children or adolescents, Zoloft can cause a slightly different range of symptoms, some of which are less common in adults. Advise your pediatrician if your child experiences any of the following: NosebleedsFrequent urinationUrinary incontinenceHeavy menstrual periodAbnormal or agitated muscle movementsSlowed growthWeight changes A Word From Verywell The type and severity of Zoloft side effects will vary from person to person. For most, the symptoms tend to be minimal and generally improve over time. If you find you are unable to cope with the side effects, call your doctor immediately. There may be strategies your doctor can offer (including dose adjustment or adjunctive therapies) to help you better adjust to the prescribed treatment. The important thing to avoid is stopping or changing treatment without input from your doctor. Not only might you undermine the goals of treatment, you may experience a condition known as antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS) which can manifest with symptoms of withdrawal (including muscle aches, nausea, dizziness, insomnia, and abnormal sensations). ADS can occur as early as six weeks after starting therapy.

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Unit 065 Essay - 2409 Words

Unit 065. Promote learning and development in the early years. Outcome 1.1. There are seven areas of development in the EYFS. The seven areas of development and are split up as three main areas and are physical development, personal, social and emotional development, communication and language. The other four are still important but not detrimental as the other areas and they are Understanding of the World, Literacy, Arts and Design and Maths. Physical Development. Physical development is the area of physical activity for moving and handling including fine motor and gross motor skills. 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The Fight Against Cyber Crime Free Essays

Running head: THE FIGHT AGAINST CYBER CRIME The Fight Against Cyber Crime: What Can We Do? Abstract Cyber crime is on the rise and every organization must recognize the danger and take necessary steps to help mitigate the threat. While many institutions worry more about hackers than cyber criminals, it is cyber crime that can cause the most damage. A hacker is more easily detected while a cyber criminal may already be in your network undetected. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fight Against Cyber Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now While a hacker may try to breach a network for the thrill or to annoy, a cyber criminal will breach a network for monetary gain. This paper is intended to point out some of the risks of cyber crime and what a financial institute can do to help mitigate the threat of attack. Keywords: cyber crime, cyber attack, Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center, IT-ISAC, Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center, FS-ISAC The Fight Against Cyber Crime: What Can We Do? While many institutions worry more about hackers than cyber criminals, it is cyber criminals that should make us more wary. A hacker is more easily detected while a cyber criminal may already be in your network undetected. While a hacker may try to breach a network for the thrill value or to annoy their victim, a cyber criminal will breach a network for monetary gain. This may include â€Å"data acquisition and storage, stealthy access to systems, identity collection and theft, misdirection of communications, keystroke identification, identity authentication, and botnets, among others† (Deloitte, 2010). According to a survey conducted in August 2011 by Ponemon Institute, for the 50 participating companies (see chart 1), the average time it takes an organization to resolve a cyber attack is 18 days with an average cost of $23,000 a day. An insider attack can average 45 days to contain. This does not include the value of any data lost, modified, or stolen in the process. This survey also showed the average annualized cost of cyber crime to financial institutions was $14,700,000 for 2011, up from $12,370,000 the previous year (see Chart 2). Chart 3 summarizes the types of attack methods experienced by the companies that participated in the survey (Ponemon, 2011). According to security firm Imperva, â€Å"The average large business sees 27 attacks per minute hitting its Website. Attackers can use automation technologies to generate up to seven attacks per second, or 25,000 attacks per hour† (Rashid, 2011). To build a sufficient IT security posture, it is important to assume that an unauthorized user can gain access to the network, and then structure the network to best protect the most valuable data. The valuable data can then â€Å"be tagged and monitored so that the organization knows where it is, where it is going, where it has gone, and on whose authority† (Deloitte, 2010). The organization also needs to understand that they need to not only monitor what is coming into their network but also what is leaving their network. This will help â€Å"detect activities enabled by techniques and technologies that mimic, exploit, or piggyback on the access of authorized users† (Deloitte, 2010). Using standard firewalls and anti-virus programs alone will not accomplish this. The organization must take a more proactive approach to protect its financial data. Now that we know what we need to do, how do we accomplish this? Some very basic steps include employee screening, employee training to help mitigate against social engineering, disabling account access of terminated employees, ensuring software updates and patches are properly implemented, and ensuring firewalls are properly configured. More advanced steps include, but are not limited to, setting up a demilitarized zone to help block the network from outside access, installing a honeynet system to look like an authentic part of the network to entice and trap intrusion attempts for further analysis, installing hard drive encryption and remote data wipe capability on all laptops and other mobile devices, and requiring smart card and pin number authentication (or some other form of multifactor authentication) to access sensitive data. The Ponemon survey revealed companies utilizing security information and event management (SIEM) solutions such as these average 24 percent less expense in dealing with cyber crime attacks (see chart 5). This reduction in cost is because companies that use SIEM solutions are better able to detect and contain, and therefore recover, from such attacks (see chart 6). Another important step for a financial institute to take is to become a member of the FS-ISAC (Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center). The FS-ISAC was founded in 1999 and led the way for the IT-ISAC (Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center) which was founded in 2001. The purpose of these groups is for organizations to have the opportunity to share the security attacks and vulnerabilities they have experienced with other organizations in their field of industry. Given the sophistication, complexity, and evolution of cyber crime technologies and techniques, no sizable organization can plan and implement the necessary response alone. CIOs, CSOs, CROs, and cyber security rofessionals should share information, techniques, and technologies in their battle against cyber crime. (Deloitte, 2010) The importance of FS-ISAC was proven in 2000 when member companies where saved from a major denial-of-service attack that many other companies experienced (Hurley, 2001). As shown in chart 4, a denial-of-service attack can be costly. A more recent example of FS-ISAC at work is the August 23, 2011 report of the Help Net Security (International) Ramnit worm which uses Zeus Trojan tactics for banking fraud. As the FS-ISAC points out, â€Å"When attacks occur, early warning and expert advice can mean the difference between business continuity and widespread business catastrophe† (FS-ISAC, 2011). Knowing and having the chance to combat against these attacks can save an institute millions. In conclusion, financial institutions must stay vigilant to current and new cyber threats. Table 1 through 3 gives a breakdown of cyber threats and controls that can help reduce the impact if these threats become reality. It is important for an organization to enroll in its respective ISAC and to share in the lessons learned from previous attacks. While it would be almost impossible to learn about and prevent every type of attack, staying vigilant will help reduce the likelihood and the impact. References Deloitte Development LLC. (2010). Cyber Crime: A Clear and Present Danger. Retrieved December 23, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://eclearning. excelsior. edu/webct/RelativeResourceManager/Template/pdf/M7_Deloitte_CyberCrime. pdf FS-ISAC. (2011). Current Banking and Finance Report, Retrieved 24 December, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. fsisac. com/ Hurley, E. (2001, January 29). IT-ISAC: A Matter of Trust. Retrieved 24 December, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://searchsecurity. techtarget. com/news/517824/IT-ISAC-A matter-of-trust Ponemon Institute LLC. (2011, August). Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study. Retrieved December 24, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. arcsight. com/collateral/whitepapers/2011_Cost_of_Cyber_Crime_Study_August. pdf Rashid, F. (2011, July 25). Cyber-Criminals Use Botnets, Automation to Launch Multiple Blended Attacks. Retrieved December 24, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. week. com/c/a/Security/CyberCriminals-Use-Botnets-Automation-to-Launch-Multiple-Blended-Attacks-656032/ Chart 1. Sample of Participating Companies by Industry (Ponemon, 2011) Average annualized cost by industry sector ($1M) *Industry was not represented in the FY2010 benchmark sample. Chart 2. Average annualized cost by industry sector (Ponemon, 2011) Types of Attack Methods Experienced Chart 3. Types of Attack Methods Experienced (Ponemon , 2011) Average annualized cyber crime cost weighted by attack frequency *The FY 2010 benchmark sample did not contain a DoS attack. Chart 4. Average annualized cyber crime cost (Ponemon, 2011) Comparison of SIEM and non-SIEM sub-sample of average cost of cyber crime Chart 5. Comparison cost of SIEM and non-SIEM companies (Ponemon, 2011) Chart 6 Percentage cost for recovery, detection containment (Ponemon, 2011) categoryFinancial Impact Regulatory ComplianceIndustry Reputation 4CriticalIncrease in costs greater than $1MFines in excess of $1MSignificant, sustained negative media exposure. Significant loss of business due to blemish on public image. 3MajorIncrease in costs $100K to $1MFines between $100K and $1MNegative media exposure. Loss of business due to blemish on public image. 2ModerateIncrease in costs less than $100KFines under $100KSome negative media exposure. Slight loss of business due to blemish on public image. 1MinorNo significant cost increase expectedNo fines expectedNo media exposure or loss of business expected. Table 1. Impact 4Imminent 3Highly Likely 2Possible 1Unlikely Table 2. Probability PxI (before controls / after controls) Financial Impact Regulatory Compliance Industry Reputation Controls Denial of service1x3=3 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"3=3 / 1Ãâ€"1=11Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=2Implement router filters, install patches to guard against SYC flooding, disable unused services Web-based attack2x3=6 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"3=6 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=4Restrict website access to only what customer needs, disable account log-in after 3 failed log-in attempts, require multifactor authentication to access sensitive data Malicious code2x4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=4Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software pdates, firewall configuration, employee training Malicious insider1x4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=2Employee screening, disable account access for terminated employees, require multifactor authentication for access to data servers, least privilege, separation of duty Phishing social engineering 2Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=32Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=32Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=3Employee training, least privilege, separation of duty Stolen devices2x4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=22Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=22Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=2Hard drive encryption, remote data wipe capability Botnets 3Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=3Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Malware3x3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=3Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Viruses, worms, trojans4x3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=44Ãâ€"3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=44Ãâ€"3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=4Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Table 3. Risk Analysis How to cite The Fight Against Cyber Crime, Essay examples

Status and Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Program of Oriental Mindoro Provincila Jail free essay sample

The first step in rehabilitation effort is to provide the basic needs of inmate as human being. The other steps in the rehabilitation processes are the provision of work programs, health care, education and skills training, recreation and sports, religious guidance and behavior modification using the therapeutic community approach. Thus, the study determined the correlation on the status and effectiveness of Rehabilitation Program of the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail. The study employed descriptive-correlation method to gather information about the present condition and to determine whether variables were related to one another using self-prepared questionnaire. The respondents of the study were the 60 inmates who were selected using purposive random sampling. The study found out that Rehabilitation Program of Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail was known to the community because some people know what were the activities of the inmates inside the Provincial Jail. We will write a custom essay sample on Status and Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Program of Oriental Mindoro Provincila Jail or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The public lacks information regarding the Rehabilitation Program of the Provincial Jail. Among the programs, spiritual development was the best program inside the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail. The status is related to the level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program. Finally, Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail should continuously practice and improve the Rehabilitation Program by considering good governance and effective public administration. Information regarding the Rehabilitation Program should be disseminated properly and widespread by organizing meetings, by providing flyers and posting tarpaulins or banners for the private sectors, non-governmental organizations and people’s organizations. They may be encouraged to contribute in maintaining the vocational skill training, recreation, education, values formation and spiritual development. A similar study should be conducted to other provincial jails in the country to verify the findings of the study. Keywords: Rehabilitation Program, correlation analysis, good governance, effective public administration and information dissemination - Bernadeth Palomera De Guzman is an Instructor I at the Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology (MinSCAT), Calapan City Campus. Dr. Christian Anthony C. Agutaya is the Deputy Research Director at the Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology (MinSCAT), Calapan City Campus. Objectives 1. Describe the status of the Rehabilitation Program in terms: 1. 1 supervision 1. 2 rules and regulations 1. 3. cooperation of inmates? 2. Describe the level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of: 2. 1 vocational skill training 2. 2 recreation 2. 3 education 2. 4 values formation 2. 5 spiritual development? 3. Describe the significant relationship between the status and level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program. Describe if there is a significant difference on the status of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of supervision, rules and regulation and cooperation of inmates. 5. Describe if there is a significant difference on the level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of vocational skill training, recreation, education, values formation and spiritual development. Theoretical Framework This study were anchored on the following reviews of management and motivation theories. The Expectancy Theory of Motivation by Vroom (2005) holds that people are motivated to do things and to reach a goal if they believe in the worth of the goal they set and if they can see that what they do will help them achieve it. Luther (2005) subscribes and said that everything done in the world is done in hope. (Santos, 2010) Vroom (2005) expanded that peoples motivation toward doing anything is largely determined by the value placed on the outcome and output of their effort(whether positive or negative), that is, multiplied by the confidence they have and their efforts will materially aid in achieving a goal. He pointed out that motivation is a product of the anticipated worth that an individual places on a goal and the chances he or she sees of achieving a goal, thus: (Force = valence x expectancy) where force is the strength of the persons motivation; valence is the strength of an individuals preference for an outcome; and expectancy, the probability that a particular action will lead to the desired outcome. (Santos, 2010) The precepts of the theory lend credence and basis to the present research study. The Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail is institutionalized with multifarious objectives to accomplish and attain wherein its members are driven and motivated to maintain peace, order and establish the atmosphere of trust among women, children and youth by implementing the legal framework of peace keeping. In every effort taken by the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail it anticipates that positive results could be achieved because it fully perceives of overwhelming support it derives from the people aside from the fact that it has been endowed with technical, financial and human resources to succeed in its endeavor. Another theory which relates to the operations and services of thesis the Systems Theory to Operational Management by Weirich and Koontz (2003). They emphasized that an organized enterprise does not, of course, exist in a vacuum. It is rather dependent on its external environment which is a part of a larger system to which it belongs, the economic system and society. Thus, the enterprise receives inputs, transforms them, and exports the outputs to the environment. (Griffin, 2009) The inputs from the external environment include people, capital and managerial kills as well as technical knowledge and skills. Various groups of people make demands on the enterprise. Basically, managers transform the inputs, in an effective and efficient manner, into outputs. The transformation process can be viewed from different perspectives, thus, one can focus on such diverse enterprise functions as finance, production, personnel and marketing. Particularly, the transformation processes are viewed according to an approach to management. The relationship of the theory to the present research study points the significance of resources available at the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail, which it needs to use very effectively in implementing rehabilitation program. These resources, of whatever types and kinds, largely contribute to the success of the programs prepared for women, children and youth especially if proper management of resources used is planned together by the group. However, the insufficiency of the resources, may mean a partial or total failure. Meanwhile, the responses and reception of beneficiaries to the program are also valuable in determining the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program of Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail, thus, the Provincial Jail could manifest satisfaction because it has been able to create better output from the inputs it has transformed. The Contingency Theory to Leadership as advanced by Fiedler (2003) is also related to the current research study. Contingency theory holds that people become leaders not only because of the attributes of their personalities but also because of various situational factors and the interactions between leaders and group members. (Carlos, 2007) Fiedler (2003) identifies three critical areas of leadership which help determine how leadership could be most effective, hence: position power; task structure; and leader-member relations are presented below: a. ) Position Power distinguishes a person from one another based on the power endowed to him. This helps leaders get members comply with directions and rules advocated by an organization. b. ) Task structure helps leaders in spelling out tasks to be assigned to a member whom leaders hold responsible for them. c. ) Leader-member relations determines how each and every member of an organization comes to like, trust and follow the leader. All concepts of an organization incorporated in the preceding theory are binding to the present research. It is the researchers view that Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail plans, implements and evaluates its Rehabilitation Program based on how the organization is set up and expected to function as guided by some standard operating procedures and orders. The Chief of Operations is definitely followed and whose power and authority are perceived with due high respect, however, the same has to treat subject his members with due respect and dignity. This is how the Provincial Jail as the organization functions, because it is an structured, hierarchically ordered and the leaders/members conceived of the significant contributions of their respective roles to the implementation of peace keeping thrusts. From all the three foregoing theories, the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail derives its power, basis and thoughts of planning and implementing a program. The Systems Approach to Operational Management, of all situations, is properly fitted and most related to the present research study. In general, the operations and services rendered by the Provincial Jail are dependent upon the kind of management practice and techniques adhered to by the PNP organization. All the three enumerated theories are quite similar to each other because each one of them has concentration on effective organizational function as influenced by the fundamental principles of motivation, leadership, and management. These theories properly represent all of the variables used in this research. As such status of the peace and order program of the Provincial Jail may be anchored on the precepts of Vrooms Theory of Motivation. Level of contribution and extent of effectiveness of operational services of the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail may be incorporated in either Systems Approach to Operational Management by Weirich and Koontz and the Contingency Theory of Leadership by Fiedler. Conceptual Model Based on the theoretical discussions, the conceptual model is drawn below. IV DV Figure 1 Hypothesized Relationship and Difference Between Variables Figure 1 presents the conceptual model of the study. Two variables are included in the study. The independent variable is the status of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of supervision, rules and regulations and cooperation of inmates. The dependent variable is the level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of a vocational skill training, recreation, education, values formation and spiritual development. METHODOLOGY The study employed descriptive –correlation method to gather information about the present condition and to determine whether variables were related to one another using self-prepared questionnaire. The respondents of the study were 60 inmates who were selected using purposive random sampling. The study used weighted mean and Pearson’s Product Moment of Correlation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION I. Status of Rehabilitation Program 1. 1 Supervision Table 1. 1 presents the mean perception of the detainee-respondents in terms of supervision. Result show the mean status of rehabilitation program of respondents in terms of supervision which recorded the overall mean score of 3. 70 described as high extent. Remarkably respondents perceived that the â€Å"jail personnel supervise closely the inmates† with mean score of 3. 96 described as high extent which fall in the highest rank. Then second highest rank is â€Å"performs their task and duty properly† with mean score of 3. 73 described as high extent. Likewise the second and fourth items which are â€Å"focuses supervising the inmates† and â€Å"determine the value of leadership† with mean score of 3. 65 described as high extent. And having the lowest rank is â€Å"evaluates inmate in every program† with mean score of 3. 52 described as high extent. This implies that the national standard assessment and satisfaction requirements based on Bureau of correction qualification framework implemented by Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail was followed and complied by the jail personnel. Then it appears that all of them can cope up with the current set up of competency jail personnel. Table 1. 1 Mean status of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of supervision ItemsMeanRank Description 1. Jail personnel supervises closely the inmates. 2. Jail personnel focuses on supervising the inmates. 3. Assigned personnel evaluates the inmate in every program. 4. Jail personnel determines the value of leadership. 5. Jail personnel performs their task and duty properly. 3. 96 3. 65 3. 52 3. 65 3. 731 3. 5 5 3. 5 2 High Extent High Extent High Extent High Extent High Extent Overall Mean 3. 70 High Extent 1. 2 Rules and Regulations Table 1. 2 presents the mean perception of all the detainee-respondents in terms of rules and regulation. Results recorded the overall mean score of 3. 76 described as high extent. Based on the table, â€Å"the rules and regulation are clearly define† marks greatly implication on the respondents perception, this was indicated by the mean score of 3. 90 which described as high extent. Likewise the second, third, fourth and last items were also described high extent as evidence by the mean score of 3. 76, 3. Probably this was indication of respondent satisfaction on the rules and regulation inside the provincial jail. Thus detainees may not all follow the rules and regulation inside the jail but they will easily adopt and learn what rules and regulation is all about. Table 1. 2 Mean status of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of rules and regulations Items MeanRankDescription 1. Rules and regulations are clearly define. 2. All information are disseminated properly. 3. Rules and regulation encourages the inmates to participate in all programs. 4. Rules and regulation helps inmates understand the programs and activities. 5. Rules and regulations are appropriate for all inmates. 3. 90 3. 70 3. 75 3. 77 3. 701 4. 5 3 2 4. 5High Extent High Extent High Extent High Extent High Extent Overall Mean 3. 76 High Extent 1. 3 Cooperation of Inmates Table 1. 3 presents the mean perception of the detainee-respondents in terms of cooperation of inmates. With the overall mean score of 3. 77, respondents perceived that the cooperation of inmates were high extent. This show that having the highest mean is it â€Å"shows the success of program† with mean score of 3. All the items described as high extent as evidence by the mean score of 3. 87, 3. 80, and 3. 68 indicates what cooperation of inmates can do for their program. Although respondents perception on â€Å"emphasizes inmates initiative† with mean score of 3. 60 marked as the lowest rank, which was described as high extent. It is interesting to note that the jail personnel’s commitment to perform their functions and high level dedication to the rehabilitation program was really appreciated by all the detainees through the cooperation of inmates. Table 1. Mean status of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of cooperation of inmates ItemsMeanRankDescription 1. Cooperation of inmates establishes harmonious relationship among others. 2. Rehabilitation program encourages inmate become a good person. Cooperation and coordination of inmates shows good attitude and behavior. 4. Rehabilitation program emphasizes inmates initiative. 5. Cooperation and coordination of inmates shows the success of program. 3. 68 3. 87 3. 80 3. 60 3. 90 4 2 3 5 1 High Extent High Extent High Extent High Extent High Extent Overall Mean 3. 77 High Extent 2. Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Program 2. 1 Vocational Skill Training Table 2. 1 presents the mean perception of the detainee-respondents in terms of vocational skill training. Results marked the overall mean score of 3. 62 described as effective. This shows that having the highest mean is â€Å"vocational skill training provides good opportunities for every inmates† with mean score of 3. 80 described as effective, followed by â€Å"reduces institutional violence and offense† with mean score of 3. 70 described as effective, followed by â€Å"involves the community in the re-entry process of inmates† with mean score of 3. Which described as effective, followed by â€Å"focuses on the job readiness of inmates† with mean score of 3. 50 described as effective. On the other hand respondents perception on â€Å"activities motivates inmate to a therapeutic model† with mean score of 3. 45 falls on the last rank which was described as effective. Probably this is the indication of respondents satisfaction on the vocational skill training under rehabilitation program for inmates inside the jail. Table 2. 1 Mean level effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of vocational skill training ItemsMeanRankDescription 1. Vocational skill training program focuses on the job readiness of inmates. 2. Vocational skill training provides good opportunities for every inmates. 3. Vocational skill training program reduces institutional violence and offenses. 4. Vocational skill training activities motivates inmate to a therapeutic model. 5. Vocational skill training involves the community in the re-entry process of inmates. 3. 50 3. 80 3. 70 3. 45 3. 65 4 1 2 5 3Effective Effective Effective Moderately Effective Effective Overall Mean 3. 62 Effective 2. 2 Recreation Table 2. Presents the mean perception of the detainee-respondents in terms of recreation with the overall mean score of 3. 50 respondents perceived that recreation were effective. This shows that having the highest mean is â€Å"develops good sportsmanship among inmates† with mean score of 3. 88, followed by â€Å"promotes camaraderie among inmates† with mean score of 3. 57 described as effective, followed by â€Å"available use of variety shows† with mean score of 3. 55 described as effective. Otherwise, the fourth and last items were described as moderately effective as evidence by the mean score of 3. This means that recreation through the rehabilitation program has a good impact to the inmates. Table 2. 2 Mean level effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of recreation ItemsMeanRankDescription 1. Sports activities are indoor and outdoor program. 2. Sports center have adequate recreational facilities. 3. Sports competition promotes camaraderie among inmates. 4. Sports activities develops good sportsmanship among inmates. Musical instruments available for use of variety shows. 3. 40 3. 08 3. 57 3. 88 3. 554 5 2 1 3Moderately Effective Moderately Effective Effective Effective Effective Overall Mean 3. 50 Effective 2. 3 Education Table 2. 3 presents the mean perception of the detainee-respondents in terms of supervision. Result shows the mean level effectiveness of rehabilitation program in terms of education which recorded the overall mean score of 3. 88 described as effective. Remarkably respondents perceived that â€Å"inmates become involve in positive life changing opportunity† with mean score of 4. Described as effective marks as the highest rank. All the items described as effective, indicates what is the impact of education in the program. The next rank is offer at least basic education programming with mean score of 3. 93 described as effective, followed by â€Å"offer education at no cost† with mean score of 3. 90 described as effective, followed by â€Å"reduces likelihood of recidivism† with mean score of 3. 80 described as effective. Although respondents perception on â€Å"programming as a public service† 3. 73 described as effective which falls on the lowest rank. This means that education program is really existing and functioning. Table 2. 3 Mean level effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of education ItemsMeanRankDescription 1. Educational program helps inmate become involved in positive life changing opportunity. 2. Educational program for inmates offers at least basic education programming. 3. Educational program for inmates offers programming as a public service. 4. Educational program offers education at no cost. 5. Educational program reduces the likelihood of recidivism. 4. 03 3. 93 3. 73 3. 90 3. 801 2 5 3 4Effective Effective Effective Effective Effective Overall Mean 3. 88 Effective 2. 4 Values Formation Table 2. 4 presents the mean perception of the detainee-respondents in terms of values formation. Result shows the mean level effectiveness of rehabilitation program in terms of values formation which recorded the overall mean of 3. 91 described as effective. This shows that having the highest mean is â€Å"inmate become a good person† with mean score of 4. 07 described as effective. Likewise the second, third fourth and last item were also described as effective as evidence by 3. 95, 3. 87 and 3. 80. Probably this was indication of respondents satisfaction on the values formation under rehabilitation program inside the provincial jail. Table 2. 4 Mean level effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of values formation ItemsMeanRankDescription 1. Rehabilitation program helps inmates in a new lifestyle. 2. Rehabilitation program encourages inmate become a good person. 3. Values formation program offers good and approachable behavior. 4. Rehabilitation program provides some activities concerning values and attitude. 5. Rehabilitation program emphasizes the importance of values of every inmates. 3. 87 4. 07 3. 95 3. The mean perception of the detainee-respondents in terms of spiritual development. Result show the mean level effectiveness of rehabilitation program in terms of spiritual development which recorded the overall mean of 4. 37 described as effective. This show that having the highest mean is â€Å"conduct regular mass† with mean score of 4. 50 described as very effective. Then having the second highest mean is â€Å"provide weekly religious activities ranging from the bible† with mean score of 4. Described as effective, followed by the â€Å"volunteer religious officers belongs from different churches† with mean score of 4. 33 described as effective. On the other hand respondents perception on first and second items having the same mean which are â€Å"enjoy freedom of religion† and â€Å"help inmates in their new life style† with mean score of 4. 30 falls on the last rank which was described as effective. This means that religious volunteer and chaplain have initiative and concern with the inmates through the program implemented. Table 2. 5 Mean level effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program in terms of spiritual development ItemsMeanRankDescription 1. Inmates enjoy freedom of religion. 2. Assigned religious guidance adviser or chaplain helps inmate in their new life style. 3. Religious volunteer officers belongs to different church. 4. Chaplain and guidance provides weekly religious activities ranging from bible. 5. Chaplain conducts a regular catholic mass. 4. 30 4. 30 4. 33 4. 40 4. 504. 5 4. 5 3 2 1Effective Effective Effective Effective Very Effective Overall Mean 4. 37 Effective 3. Is there a significant relationship between the status and level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program? Table 3 presents the correlation analysis between the status and level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program. Based on the foregoing correlational analysis, the computer r-values of 0. 282, 0. 440, 0. 510, 0. 481, 0. 353, 0. 523, 0. 483, 0. 542, 0. 514, 0. 376, 0. 341, 0. 573, 0. 455, 0. 580 and 0. 383 were greater than the critical r-value of 0. 273 at 5% level of significance with 54 degrees of freedom. There was a significant relationship between the status and level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program. Findings imply that the program is properly managed. This may be attributed to the willingness and cooperation of the respondents to the implementation of good management and supervision in vocational skill training, recreation, education, values formation and spiritual development. The findings is best supported by the Social Change Theory by Durkheim and Economic Development by Myrdal which states that economic development only occurs in the community if the need is perceived by the people who depend on the social, economic and political agenda of the nation. It is further explained that for an economic structural change to be very meaningful, it has to create changes in attitudes, institutions and policies or often deemed very necessary (Cuasay, 2010). In connection with the previous mentioned, Social Change and Economic Development Theories are also worth mentioning for the justification of the study’s findings that the status is significantly related to the level of effectiveness of the Program. Table 3. Correlation analysis between the status and level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program IVDV Vocational Skills Training r-valueRecreation r-valueEducation r-valueValues Formation r-valueSpiritual Development r-value Supervision0. 282*0. 440*0. 510*0. 481*0. 353* Rule and Regulation0. 523*0. 483*0. 542*0. 514*0. 376* Cooperation of Inmates0. 341*0. 573*0. 455*0. 580*0. 383* *significant critical r-value: 0. 273 degrees of freedom: 54 level of significance: 5% Conclusions Based on the foregoing findings, the following conclusions are hereby presented: 1. Among the Rehabilitation Program the cooperation of inmates is the most preferred program by the personnel. 2. Among the program the spiritual development is the best program inside the Provincial Jail. 3. There is a significant relationship between the status and level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program. Recommendations 1. Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail should continuously practice and improve the Rehabilitation Program by considering good governance and effective public administration. 2. Information regarding the Rehabilitation Program should be disseminated properly and widespread by organizing meetings, by providing flyers and posting tarpaulins or banners for the private sectors, non-governmental organizations and people’s organizations. They may be encourage to contribute in maintain the vocational skill training, recreation, education, values formation and spiritual development. 3. Further studies should be conducted about the management practices and financial resources because these maybe the other factors that might be related to the status and level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program. Replication of the study should be conducted on the differences of the perceptions of local government units, community and other stakeholders on the status and level of effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program. 5. A similar study should be conducted to other provincial jails in the country to verify the findings of the study. 6. Oriental Mindoro Provincial Jail should add other rehabilitation program that might be helpful to the inmates lifestyle while inside the jail. 7. Jail personnel inside the jail should maintain the good and harmonious relationship with the inmates so that conflict will not arise among them.